Recognised as Chemical element
Magnesium
- Mg
- Z = 12
- alkaline earth metal
Magnesium (Mg) is element 12, an alkaline earth metal in period 3 and group 2. Its standard atomic weight is 24.305 Da. Weights follow IUPAC standard atomic weights, 2021 revision.
Identity
SymbolMg
Standard atomic weight24.305atomic mass units (Da)
Mass in kilograms4.0359402 × 10^-26
Categoryalkaline earth metal
Group2
Period3
Blocks-block
Electrons in a neutral atom12
Neutrons in the most common isotope12≈
Electron configuration
Configuration1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²ground state, subshells written in order of n
Noble gas shorthand[Ne] 3s²
Electrons per shell2, 8, 2K, L, M and outward
Electrons in the outer shell2
Unpaired electrons0Hund's rule; none unpaired, so the free atom is diamagnetic
Madelung ruleFollowedthe ground state is what the n + l filling order predicts
Quantities
Molar mass24.305 g/mol
Mass of one mole24.305 grams
Atoms in one gram2.4777374 × 10^22
Mass of one atom4.0359402 × 10^-23 g
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