Recognised as Chemical element
Niobium
- Nb
- Z = 41
- transition metal
Niobium (Nb) is element 41, a transition metal in period 5 and group 5. Its standard atomic weight is 92.906 Da. Weights follow IUPAC standard atomic weights, 2021 revision.
Identity
SymbolNb
Standard atomic weight92.906atomic mass units (Da)
Mass in kilograms1.5427404 × 10^-25
Categorytransition metal
Group5
Period5
Blockd-block
Electrons in a neutral atom41
Neutrons in the most common isotope52≈
Electron configuration
Configuration1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁴ 5s¹ground state, subshells written in order of n
Noble gas shorthand[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 12, 1K, L, M and outward
Electrons in the outer shell1
Unpaired electrons5Hund's rule; unpaired electrons make the free atom paramagnetic
Madelung ruleBrokenthe measured ground state differs from the filling-order prediction, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d³ 5s²
Quantities
Molar mass92.906 g/mol
Mass of one mole92.906 grams
Atoms in one gram6.4819718 × 10^21
Mass of one atom1.5427404 × 10^-22 g
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