Recognised as Planet
Mercury
- Planet
- 0.38× Earth gravity
- Orbits the Sun
Mercury is a planet with a mean radius of 2,440 km and a surface gravity of 3.7 m/s², which is 0.38× Earth's, so a 70 kg person would weigh 26.4 kg there. Escape velocity is 4.25 km/s.
Physical properties
Mass0.3301 × 10²⁴ kg≈measured
Mean radius2,440 km≈
Circumference15,329 km
Surface area74,796,748 km²
Volume60.8272 × 10⁹ km³one cubic kilometre is 10⁹ cubic metres
Mean density5,427 kg/m³water is 1,000 kg/m³
Gravity and escape
Surface gravity3.702 m/s²0.377× Earth's
Escape velocity4.25 km/sthe speed needed to leave without further propulsion
A 70 kg person would weigh26.4 kg-forcemass is unchanged; only the weight differs
A 1 kg mass would weigh3.702 newtons
Fall in 1 second1.851 mfrom rest, ignoring any atmosphere
Rotation and orbit
Day length (sidereal)58.65 Earth days
Orbital period87.97 Earth days
Orbitsthe Sun
Mean distance from the Sun57.9 million km0.387 AU
Light travel time from the Sun3.22 minutes
KindPlanet
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Also reads as
Mercury (chemical element)
- Hg
- Z = 80
- transition metal
Mercury (Hg) is element 80, a transition metal in period 6 and group 12. Its standard atomic weight is 200.59 Da. Weights follow IUPAC standard atomic weights, 2021 revision.
Identity
SymbolHg
Standard atomic weight200.59atomic mass units (Da)
Mass in kilograms3.3308753 × 10^-25
Categorytransition metal
Group12
Period6
Blockd-block
Electrons in a neutral atom80
Neutrons in the most common isotope121≈
Electron configuration
Configuration1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 6s²ground state, subshells written in order of n
Noble gas shorthand[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2K, L, M and outward
Electrons in the outer shell2
Unpaired electrons0Hund's rule; none unpaired, so the free atom is diamagnetic
Madelung ruleFollowedthe ground state is what the n + l filling order predicts
Quantities
Molar mass200.59 g/mol
Mass of one mole200.59 grams
Atoms in one gram3.0022138 × 10^21
Mass of one atom3.3308753 × 10^-22 g
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Neighbouring elements
Group 12
The number
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